Author Comparison Project

Charles Dickens

Jimmy Ferguson, Robby Limon, April Stahl

Saugus High School AP Literature Author Comparison Project

 

 

Charles Dickens

 

 

A Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield

 

 

Table of Contents

 

  1.   Biography of Charles Dickens
  2.  A Tale of Two Cities – Plot Overview
  3.  David Copperfield – Plot Overview
  4.  Overview / Identification of Author Style
  5. Formalist Read
  6. Feminine Archetypal Read
  7. Political Read
  8. Reader Based Response
  9. Historically Based Response
  10. Author Based Response
  11. Quiz
  12. Works Cited

 

Biography:

Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 at Landport (now called Portsmouth), Hampshire, England. He was the second of eight children of John Dickens, a Navy clerk, and his wife Elizabeth. Dickens attended school in Chatham from 1821 until 1822. In 1824, John Dickens, who was well paid but financially irresponsible, was arrested and sent to Marshalsea debtors' prison in London. Dickens's mother moved with seven of her children into the prison with her husband. Dickens was traumatized by this experience, which found its way into his partly autobiographical novel, David Copperfield (published 1850).

 

Some of the inheritance, left from a dead relative, was used to pay for Dickens's education at a private school, Wellington House Academy.  At the age of fifteen he left school to become a law office clerk. Dickens did not enjoy the job, and decided to become a reporter. In the 1840s, Dickens founded the weekly periodical Master Humphrey's Clock and edited the London Daily News.  In 1833, Dickens's first story was published in the Monthly Magazine. Using the pen-name "Boz", Dickens published stories in the Morning Chronicle and the Evening Chronicle.

 

Dickens's first novel, The Pickwick Papers (1837), met with huge popular success. Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, Dickens continued to work tirelessly for social reform. In 1846 Dickens invested money in a new radical newspaper, The Daily News, of which he was editor. The paper was intended to provide a forum for Dickens's ideas on social reform, but it failed. In 1850, Dickens became founding editor of Household Words. He wrote articles for this journal campaigning for parliamentary reform, public health, better education for the poor, and reform of the workhouse system and legal system. In 1836, Dickens married Catherine Hogarth, the daughter of the newspaper editor George Hogarth. Some biographers believe that Dickens preferred Catherine's sister, Mary, who moved into their house and died in 1837 at the age of 17 in Dickens's arms. From 1860, Dickens lived at Gads Hill Place, near Rochester, Kent. Dickens died unexpectedly in 1870. His final novel, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, was unfinished.

 

A Tale of Two Cities – Plot Overview          

 

            Mr. Jarvis Lorry traveled to Paris to meet a young woman named Lucie.  Together, he, Lucie, and Mr. Defarge rescued Doctor Manette.  They took him back to Paris.  Five years later, a man by the name of Charles Darnay was accused of treason by the English Government.  Lucie and Doctor Manette were witnesses to for the prosecution.  A lawyer by the name of Stryver and his assistant, Sidney Carton, together acquired an acquittal for the unfortunate Darnay. 

 

            A few years later, Darnay married Lucie Manette.  He then reveled to her father his true identity: Charles Evrémonde, nephew to the Marquis of France.  Shortly afterward the French revolution started and Darnay’s former servant wrote a letter to Darnay asking for his help.  Darnay did not know of the danger posed to him upon his return to France, so he set out to help his friend.  He was arrested and tried for treason.  Mr. Lorry and Doctor Manette managed to get him acquitted but later that day he was arrested again, on new evidence.

 

            Darnay was condemned to death and in order to save the husband of the one he loves, Sidney Carton disguises himself as Darnay and Darnay as himself.  This allowed a switch to take place. Madame Defarge was killed by her own hand when she fought Miss Pross and then her gun accidentally went off.

 

David Copperfield – Plot Overview

 

The story opens up with a fully grown David Copperfield narrating the story of his upbringing and maturation. During his younger years, he lives contentedly with his mother and their, Peggoty. While away on a vacation with Peggoty, his mother marries Mr. Murdstone –while David and Peggoty are away on a trip- who brings his sister, Miss Murdstone, into the house. The Murdstones treat David cruelly, and David is sent away to a boarding school for biting Mr. Murdstone.

 

 While David and Peggoty are away, they visit her family in Yarmouth, where David meets Peggotty’s brother, Mr. Peggoty, and his two children (Adopted both), Ham and “Little Em’ly”. David befriends an egotistical kid named James Steerforth. David’s mother later dies, and David returns home, where the Murdstones all but ignore his existence.  Another acquaintance, Mr. Micawber leaves London to escape his creditors, and David decides to search for his father’s sister, Miss Betsey Trotwood—his only living relative.  Miss Betsey sends David to a school run by a man named Doctor Strong.  David moves in with Mr. Wickfield and his daughter, Agnes, while he attends the boarding school, and later Agnes and David become best friends. David graduates and goes to Yarmouth to visit Peggoty, who recently married Mr. Barkis after his proposal which David delivered.

 

On his way to Yarmouth, David meets up with James Steerforth again, and they visit Steerforth’s mother. Mr. Spenlow invites David to his house for a weekend. There, David meets Spenlow’s daughter, Dora, and quickly falls for her. Back in London, David sees Tommy Traddles and Mr. Micawber once again. David soon hears that Mr. Barkis is mortally ill, and does not have long to live. David journeys to Yarmouth to visit Peggoty in this time of crisis. Little Em’ly and Ham, now engaged, are to be married upon Mr. Barkis’ death. David, however, finds Little Em’ly upset over her impending marriage. When Mr. Barkis dies, Little Em’ly runs off with Steerforth, who she believes will make her more of a lady for some reason.  Mr. Peggoty is heart broken but swears to find Little Em’ly and bring her home.

Miss Betsey visits London to inform David that her financial security has been ruined because Mr. Wickfield has joined into a partnership with Uriah Heep. Mr. Spenlow, however, forbids Dora from marrying David.  Meanwhile, Uriah Heep lets Doctor Strong know that he suspects Doctor Strong’s wife of having an affair with her young cousin, Jack Maldon.

Dora and David marry, and Dora turns out to be a terrible housewife, unable to complete her daily chores. David loves her anyway and is generally happy. Miss Dartle, Mrs. Steerforth’s ward, summons David and informs him that Steerforth has left Little Em’ly. David and Mr. Peggoty enlist the help of Little Em’ly’s friend Martha, who locates Little Em’ly leads Mr. Peggoty to her. During this time, Dora falls ill and dies. David then leaves the country to travel abroad. David continues to pursue his writing career with increasing commercial success.

 

Overview / Identification of Author Style

 

1          Charles Dickens frequently uses dwellings to symbolize the people that live within them.

David Copperfield

“All this I saw in the first glance after I crossed the threshold - child-like,     according to my theory.” (38) – the house represented the characteristics of the people living in it.

A Tale of two Cities

            “It was a heavy mass of building, that chateau of Monsieur the Marquis, with a large stone courtyard before it, and two stone sweeps of staircase meeting in a stone terrace before the principal door” (114)  - the building of stone symbolizes the stone heart of the marquis.

 

 

2          Simile

David Copperfield

“Two or, three times in the course of the night, attired in a long flannel wrapper in which she looked seven feet high, she appeared, like a disturbed ghost, in my room…” (423)

A Tale of two Cities

            Carton is described as a "rumored to be seen at broad day, going home stealthily and unsteadily to his lodgings, like a dissipated cat" (90)

 

 

3          Metaphor

David Copperfield

“He soon returned, greatly improved in appearance; but so rubicund, that I couldn't help thinking his face had this in common with the lobsters, crabs, and crawfish…” (39)

A Tale of two Cities

            "It will seem nothing to you. Such whims are only impressive as we originate them, I think; they are not to be communicated. I have sometimes sat alone here of an evening, listening, until I have made the echoes out to be the echoes of all the footsteps that are coming by-and-bye into our lives."

 

 

4          Imagery

David Copperfield

The idea of being again surrounded by those honest faces, shining welcome on me; of renewing the peacefulness of the sweet Sunday morning, when the bells were ringing, the stones dropping in the water, and the shadowy ships breaking through the mist; of roaming up and down with little Em'ly, telling her my troubles, and finding charms against them in the shells and pebbles on the beach; made a calm in my heart” (123)

A Tale of two Cities

"As a whirlpool of boiling water has a centre point, so, all this raging circled around Defarge's wine-shop, and every human drop in the caldron had a tendency to be sucked towards the vortex where Defarge himself, already begrimed with gunpowder and sweat, issued orders, issued arms, thrust this man back, dragged this man forward, disarmed one to arm another, labored and strove in the thickest of the uproar." (211)

 

 

5          Personification

David Copperfield

“…and my easy-chair imitating my aunt's much easier chair in its position at the open window…” (430)           

 

A Tale of two Cities

“These fools [the aristocrats] know nothing. While they despise your breath, and would stop it forever and ever, in you or in a hundred like you rather than in once of their own horses or dogs, they only know what your breath tells them. Let it deceive them, and then, a little longer; it cannot deceive them too much." (171)

 

5 Critical Reads

 

Formalist Read


“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times” for those unfortunate many that happened to live in the time of A Tale of Two Cities (Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities). Dickens conveys the truth that absolute power corrupts absolutely in both the aforementioned novel and in his other novel David Copperfield by the use of characterization, and symbolism (novelguide. com, David Copperfield).
The characters within both of the previously referred to novels provide the audience with a wealth of information as to Dickens’s main point. In the first of the two novels, Dickens proves the aphorism that absolute power corrupts absolutely. By the use of the character of Madam Defarge, a woman that oppressed by the aristocratic society that made up pre-revolution France, Dickens achieves his purpose famously. To start with, the Aristocrats subjugated the person of Madam Defarge. When the people of the French Monarchy made the fateful decision to form a French Republic, Madam Defarge assumed the role of a female leader. The power offered to her by the Guillotine coupled with her leadership status infused within her a desire to stop at nothing less than “extermination” of all who oppose the new Republic (Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities), (Sparknotes. com, A Tale of Two Cities). When Madam Defarge meets her end, which comes at her own hand, Dickens describes the event as an “awful stillness” passing “like the sound of the furious woman whose body lay lifeless on the ground” (Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities). In David Copperfield, the character of Uriah Heep possesses qualities akin to a snake (Dickens, David Copperfield); in Genesis 3:1-15 a serpent malevolently manipulated the mind of Eve and induced her to eating the forbidden fruit. This account leads one to see Heep as a “demonic character” that acts in a “bitter and vengeful” manner (Sparknotes. com, David Copperfield). The main character, David Copperfield, exists as a foil to the nefarious Heep (Sparknotes. com, David Copperfield). Within this foil, the reader notices that the integrity of David contrasts sharply with that of Heep. The reader feels a connection with the protagonist, and as such establishes in his or her mind the notion that an earnest person, an honest person, a righteous person is the type of person that he or she should spend time with. This couples well with the line from A Tale of Two Cities: “Love [is] always so much stronger than hate”. The theme of the corruptive capabilities of power within A Tale of Two Cities parallels a David Copperfield theme: the “plight of the weak” (Sparknotes. com, David Copperfield).
A second similarity within these two works exists in the use of commonplace objects to represent something more. In David Copperfield, the sea represents the harbinger of death, as it took the lives of Little Em’ly’s father, Ham and Steerforth (Sparknotes. com, David Copperfield). However, the sea also assumes the position of life-giver, as it allows men to make their livelihood solely based on what the sea provides (novelguide. com, David Copperfield). It is no mistake that Dora paints flowers. An author includes those small details for a reason. Dickens’s reason is thus: flowers represent simplicity, innocence (Sparknotes. com, David Copperfield). This simplicity makes itself evident in the rearranging of the room: the old flowers symbolize this transformation of the room back to its simple origin (Sparknotes. com, David Copperfield). Towards the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities a wine cask breaks in front of Earnest Defarge’s residence. The wine spattered upon the stone steps before the wine shop, “all the people within reach had suspended their business, or their idleness, to run to the spot and drink the wine” (Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities). The people frenzied around the pooled red wine, foreshadowing the hysteria for blood that consumes the people during the revolution (Sparknotes. com, A Tale of Two Cities). This wine, symbolizing the blood yet to be spilt, “stained many hands, and many faces, and many naked feet” just as the people become when they lust for the life-giving fluid of the aristocrats. Dickens does not want the reader to miss this symbol, so he even has one of his characters write the word “BLOOD” upon a wall with the wine (Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities). In the instance of the Marquis Evrémonde, both Dickens’s use of characterization and symbolism shine brighter than a super-nova, revealing the symbol of the aristocratic oppression of the meager. The Marquis runs down the child of peasant and bats not an eyelash, sheds not a tear, feels not a care (Sparknotes. com, A Tale of Two Cities). Like taking out the garbage. The Marquis knows no remorse, just as the mob violence during the Reign of Terror knows no remorse. Dickens uses footsteps to symbolize the many people that are to enter into the life of Lucie and her family; Mr. Carton’s willingness to ‘take them into mine’ foreshadows his sacrifice for the sake of the family (novelguide. com, A Tale of Two Cities: Metaphor Analysis), (Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities).
The two works of Dickens draw their effectiveness from multiple factors. Symbols add a metaphysical aspect to the works and bring the reader into active participation within the novel. Characters, in an almost allegorical manner, add yet another level that allows the reader to immerse him or herself into the novel.

 

Feminine Archetypal Read

The power of women throughout life is ever present in life, and some authors capture this message within their writing. However, few authors manifest it with the same level of skill and fluidity that Charles Dickens possesses. Both of his stories involve female characters who embody key figures in the character’s lives and development. Within Dickens’ two works, A tale of two Cities, and David Copperfield, there are numerous archetypes of various womanly figures throughout. Using these characters and novels as his vehicle, he portrays the more major archetypal roles of women in society and life as a whole.
The book, A Tale of Two Cities, takes place in England and France during the early years of the French Revolution. During this time, many characters fall victim to the many trials of the revolution, and as the characters experience these hardships, they start to mature. One of these characters, Lucie Manette, represents the female archetype of the compassionate and loving- seemingly perfect- young woman. She keeps her family together, and is termed as “the golden thread” by dickens, as she is the only thing that stops her family form falling apart. Further, she is sought after by more than one gentleman, and eventually marries the “knight in shining armor” so-to-speak, that is Charles Darnay. Through this character, Dickens portrays the archetype of the ideal woman for a man to marry, as she has no undesirable qualities, and is flawless in her mannerisms. Madame Defarge is another such archetype, except she represents a more somber and downtrodden model. Dickens uses Defarge to embody the saying “Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned”. Defarge seeks to gain revenge on the nobility whom she believes have wronged her, and as such, is the archetype of revenge, as well as the self-destructive path the vengeance leads to. Not only does Dickens portray numerous feminine archetypes in A Tale of Two Cities, he also uses them frequently in his other novel, David Copperfield.
Dickens places a plethora of feminine archetypes within his other novel, and they represent numerous different archetypes. The most prevalent of these characters, David’s Mother, embodies the role of the loving mother. She provides moral and emotional support for David as he endures hardship after hardship. She is the one David always goes to when he needs someone to hold him or otherwise act as a loving character. Similar to David’s Mother, Peggoty also corresponds with a supporting figure. Her character embodies the working servant, who supports the family as a whole. She is the warden of the family, and takes care of David and his mother constantly, and as such is the archetype for a helpful servant. Conversely, the character of Mr. Murdstone’s sister characterizes the essence of a bad parenting figure. She routinely beats David, and does not nurture him in any way. Dickens uses her as an example of bad parenting, and a foil to Peggoty and David’s Mother. Lastly, the archetype of a matriarch is made apparent through the character of Aunt Betsey. She leads David’s life after his mother dies, and is the mentoring and governing body for him as he matures and ages. She represents the stern feminine ruler in this story, who governs David through life, yet still loves him at the same time.
Charles Dickens frequently displays feminine archetypes in his various novels, and uses these characters as a literary representation of the roles women play in society (in a non-sexist way). Each of his archetypal characters plays a key role in the development of others, and is instrumental in the passage of the plot. Further, his classic characters mirror the women of the age regardless of what there role is, whether it is the matriarch or the mother or any other conceivable occupation. Whether one reads A Tale of Two Cities, or David Copperfield, or any other of Charles Dickens’ various novels, the supportive role of feminine archetypes cannot be denied.

 

Political Read

 As a young man, Charles Dickens lived in prison with his convicted father, his mother, and his seven siblings. This was an experience that would scar him severely and turn him into one of the most accomplished writers of the 1800s. Not only did he found his own weekly periodical but he is also the author of a plethora of novels, including A Tale of Two Cities and his somewhat autobiographical work titled, David Copperfield. Dickens, like most other consummate novelists, used writing as a vessel to indirectly convey his morals and opinions. He commented on such issues as religion, human nature, and the government. Through character relationships, the presence of social ranks, and acknowledgement of significant historical events, Dickens makes his views on the political portion of society abundantly clear.

      In his book, David Copperfield, the main character David, idolizes his upper-class neighbor, Mr. Steerforth, despite the cruel way he mocks people of a lower income. David look up to Steerforth because he is wealthy, something David aspires to be. David does not see that there are much more valuable possessions that one can obtain than those of the material world. David does not seem to notice Steerforth’s insensitive words about the Peggoty family, who are far less fortunate then he. Through David’s eyes, the readers can see the division of social class between Steerforth and The Peggoty family. David’s ignorance towards the fact that the Peggotys are significantly kinder people that Steerforth , symbolizes society’s blind quest to become wealthy and powerful and the ability of humans to disregard the importance of kindness. Similar observations are to be made about the book A Tale of Two Cities. In this novel, the aristocratic class is notorious for treating the many poverty stricken citizens of France in a cruel and inhumane manner. For example, the glutinous Monseigneur's, one of the most privileged noblemen, does nothing but eat while the vast majority of francs starves and suffers. It is clear that Dickens didn’t have a very positive view of the upper class and that he, in a way, victimized himself by pointing out how poorly the poverty stricken are treated in society.

      Within David Copperfield as well as A Tale of Two Cities, there is a great separation between upper and lower class. Steerforth represents the snobby upper division of society and the Peggotys family corresponds to the humble lower division. In this particular scenario, Dickens portrays the upper class as rude, uncaring, and arrogant and the lower class to be generous, accepting, and genuinely kind. David’s character is meant to signify the attitude and desire of most middle class members of society to be wealthy. Though he appreciates and recognizes the Peggoty’s compassion he sees Steerforth as the man that he wants to become. In A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens again places a hefty gap between the wealthy and the poor. The lower class barely has enough to sustain their lives while the rich and powerful enjoy a great amount of luxury. Again, Dickens illustrates his bitter emotions for those of a higher class and uses vast exaggeration to establish sympathy within readers for the poor and unfortunate working-class. He also utilizes significant historical events in his works of literature to better portray his beliefs.

      David is a young man growing up in England in the mid-1800s. This era is one of revolution within England as well as the rest of the world. During this period the first steam train was invented, the world population exceeded 1 billion, and British troops for the first time invaded Afghanistan. By placing his story, David Copperfield, amidst all these world-changing events, Dickens illustrates that mans surroundings may change but human nature remains the same. In addition to this, Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, takes place during the French revolution – a period of political and social turmoil. During France’s time of need, its leaders did little to aid in its recovery from absolute monarchy. They instead became selfish, self oriented rulers, focused only on their own well being.

      Dickens has no problem with making his negative feelings clear about government and politics. He seems to often sympathize with the common man and make the wealthy man out to be the enemy. He also comments on the ignorance of society towards such matters as how they are being neglected by their leaders. Through A Tale of Two Cities and David Copperfield, Dickens uses character relationships, the presence of social ranks, and acknowledgement of significant historical events to portray his political beliefs and indirectly persuade his readers to believe the same.

 

 

 

Reader Based Response

           

David Copperfield

 

  • David Copperfield was a book that focused on the way people within England were treated during the industrial revolution.
  • Child abuse and child labor ran rampant, with little or no attempts to stop it.
  • Also, within the novel, the gap between the rich and the poor was thoroughly examined, mainly through the characters of Steerforth, and the Peggoty family.
  • Additionally, the book shows how those who are oppressed, are more often than not, unable to do a thing about it. David is abused physically by his stepfather, but cannot stop it, for Mr. Murdstone is his only care provider.

 

A Tale of Two Cities

 

  • Madam Defarge was a symbol of both women’s strength and women’s madness while she rallied the women to her cause, which consisted of killing everyone that may have had a better life that her.
  • The fact that it is a woman that earns the name The Vengeance shows again the strength or horror a woman can wield
  • There is a theme here involving the view that women bring about destruction when they are given power; or it could be interpreted: when women are oppressed they are capable of this so let them be equal.

 

Historically Based Response

 

David Copperfield

 

  • Dickens wished to address the flaws within mid-19t century Victorian England
  • He disagreed with the emphasis on wealth, which was made apparent through David’s experiences with Steerforth and Peggoty
  • He also wrote to show how the poor were disadvantaged when it came to supplying education for their young.
  • The main purpose of David Copperfield was to show the rest of the world the his views on the political standing of his time

A Tale of Two Cities

 

  • At this time in France (1775-1793) the French revolution was in its beginning throws.
  • The peasants were oppressed by the aristocracy, and rarely had enough food to eat.
  • Any and all that were dubbed an “enemy” of the state was executed within 24 hours of their sentence
  • Church lands were nationalized, giving the land the church had to better serve the needs of the country
  • Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and Montesquieu had already ignited revolution in America, and now that flame is spreading to France.
  • England worried that the same would happen to them.

 

Author Based Response

 

David Copperfield

  • Dickens had a hard family life and in this novel, the main character, David, is abused by his step-father
  • The death of David’s father at such a young age may represent the imprisonment of Dicken’s father when Dickens was a boy
  • This book is greatly influenced by the by the industrial revolution

 

A Tale of Two Cities

  • In this story, the snobby Steerforth portrays the wealthy portion of society. This insinuates that Dickens didn’t have a very good view of the upper class.
  • Dickens enjoyed history – this book took place in the French Revolution

 

 

QUIZ

 

1                    What childhood experience traumatized Dickens?

2                    What was the name of the paper the Dickens founded?

3                    What was the name of Dickens’s first novel?

4                    Dickens’s final novel was

a    1000 pages long

b    about his childhood

c    fiction

d    unfinished

5                    Darnay eventually _________ Lucie.

a    marries

b    kills

c    runs away with

d    runs away from

 

      6          How is David Copperfield (the child, not the book), treated during his early years by his stepfather?

                  a)-he treats him with a quiet disdain

                  b)-he treats him as the son he never had

                  c)-he is beaten regularly

                  d)-he caters to David’s every desire

 

      7          The main difference between Peggoty and Steerforth, socially, is:

                  a)-Peggoty is rich, and Steerforth poor

                  b)-Steerforth is rich, and Peggoty is poor

                  c)-Peggoty is a noblewoman, and Steerforth a wealthy merchant

                  d)-Steerforth is a prince, and Peggoty is a pauper

 

      8          Charles Dickens wrote Copperfield in part to show ____

                  a)-the weight that wealth had upon society

                  b)-the radical beliefs of a childhood friend

                  c)-to mock the royalty of the time

                  d)- to stand up for the writers of his time

 

      9          The time period in which David Copperfield took place was ____  

                  a)-early to mid 1600’s

                  b)-the beginning years of world war I

                  c)-mid 19th century Victorian England

                  d)-mid 18th century Victorian England

 

      10        Mrs. Betsey embodies which archetype within the novel David Copperfield?

                  a)-the mother

                  b)-the care giver

                  c)-the matriarch

                  d)-the abusive, emotionally distant parent

 

      11        Madame Defarge represents which phrase within the novel, A Tale of Two Cities  

                  a)-“Tis better to have loved and lost, then never to have loved at all”

                  b)-“Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned”

                  c)-“He(she) who fights and runs away, lives to fight another day”

                  d)-“Don’t put off to tomorrow, what can be done today”

 

      12        What is NOT a role that the women play within these two works?

                  a)-The matriarch

                  b)-The high and mighty upper class

                  c)-The loving mother

                  d)-the scorned, vengeful woman

 

13                Who is the rich character in David Copperfield

14                What does David think about aristocrats?

15                During what revolution does A Tale of Two Cities Take Place?

16                What happens to David’s mother that makes it so that she cannot take care of him?

17                What does David represent?

18                Why did Lorry travel to Paris?

19                In A Tale of Two Cities it was the best of times for the _________ and the worst of times for the __________

20                What was Madam Defarge a symbol of?

21                This project is by _____________   ______________   ___________

22                Dickens died in _________

23                Dickens utilizes_____________   ______________   ___________ in his works of literature to better portray his beliefs.

24                5 literary devices Dickens uses.

25                How did Dickens pay for school?

 

 

Works Cited


Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. New York City: Barnes and Noble, 2004.
—. David Copperfield. n.d.
novelguide. com. A Tale of Two Cities: Metaphor Analysis.
02 34 2008 ...

—. David Copperfield.
31 03 2008 ...

Sparknotes. com. A Tale of Two Cities. 2006.
31 march 2008 ...

—. David Copperfield. 2006.
31 march 2008 ...