Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. If the tall F1 pea plants
are allowed to self-pollinate,
a. | the offspring will be of medium height. | b. | all of the offspring
will be tall. | c. | all of the offspring will be short. | d. | some of the offspring will be tall, and some
will be short. |
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2.
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In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. If alleles did
not segregate during gamete formation,
a. | all of the F1 plants would be short. | b. | some of the
F1 plants would be tall and some would be short. | c. | all of the
F2 would be short. | d. | all of the F2 plants would be
tall. |
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3.
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A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT
a. | all possible results of a genetic cross. | b. | the genotypes of the
offspring. | c. | the alleles in the gametes of each parent. | d. | the actual results
of a genetic cross. |
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RrYy | | | |
RY
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Ry
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rY
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ry
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RY
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RRYY
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RRYy
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RrYY
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RrYy
| Seed Shape
R
= Round
r = Wrinkled |
RrYy |
Ry
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RRYy
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RRyy
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RrYy
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Rryy
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Seed Color
Y = Yellow
y =
Green |
rY
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RrYY
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RrYy
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rrYY
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rrYy
| | |
ry
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RrYy
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Rryy
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rrYy
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rryy
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Figure
11–2
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4.
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The Punnett square in Figure 11–2 shows that the gene for pea shape and
the gene for pea color
a. | assort independently. | c. | have the same alleles. | b. | are
linked. | d. | are always
homozygous. |
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Figure
11–3
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5.
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What is shown in Figure 11–3?
a. | independent assortment | c. | crossing-over | b. | anaphase I of meiosis | d. | replication |
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6.
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Which of the following assort independently?
a. | chromosomes | c. | multiple alleles | b. | genes on the same
chromosome | d. | codominant
alleles |
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7.
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What would Hershey and Chase have concluded if both radioactive 32P
and 35S were found in the bacteria in their experiment?
a. | The virus’s protein coat was not injected into the
bacteria. | b. | The virus’s DNA was not injected into the bacteria. | c. | Genes are made of
protein. | d. | Both the virus’s protein coat and its DNA were injected into the
bacteria. |
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Figure
12–1
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8.
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Figure 12–1 shows the structure of a(an)
a. | DNA molecule. | c. | RNA molecule. | b. | amino acid. | d. | protein. |
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9.
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During mitosis, the
a. | DNA molecules unwind. | b. | histones and DNA molecules
separate. | c. | DNA polymerase makes copies of DNA strands. | d. | nucleosomes become
more tightly packed. |
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10.
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Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
a. | ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine | b. | deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and
guanine | c. | phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine | d. | phosphate groups,
guanine, and thymine |
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11.
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What is produced during transcription?
a. | RNA molecules | c. | RNA polymerase | b. | DNA molecules | d. | proteins |
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12.
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How many bases are needed to specify three amino acids?
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13.
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Which of the following is NEVER a frameshift mutation?
a. | substitution | c. | deletion | b. | insertion | d. | point mutation |
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14.
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In E. coli, the lac operon controls the
a. | breakdown of lactose. | c. | breakdown of glucose. | b. | production of
lactose. | d. | production of
glucose. |
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15.
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A lac repressor turns off the lac genes by
a. | binding to the promoter. | c. | binding to the
operator. | b. | DNA polymerase. | d. | binding to the lac genes. |
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16.
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Which of the following have been produced by selective breeding?
a. | horse breeds | c. | dog breeds | b. | cat breeds | d. | all of the
above |
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17.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of selective breeding?
a. | allowing only the best milk-producing cows to reproduce | b. | crossing
disease-resistant plants with plants that produce high food yields | c. | mating cats that
have long hair with cats that have long tails | d. | allowing dogs to mate only once a
year |
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18.
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What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?
a. | inbreeding | c. | hybridization | b. | radiation | d. | mutations |
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19.
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Breeders induce mutations in organisms to
a. | increase diversity in populations. | b. | make organisms more alike. | c. | avoid selective
breeding. | d. | produce organisms with undesirable characteristics. |
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20.
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Mutations are useful in selective breeding because they
a. | help maintain the desired characteristics of animal breeds. | b. | are usually found in
hybrids. | c. | are usually beneficial. | d. | are occasionally beneficial.
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21.
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During transformation,
a. | a prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote. | b. | a cell takes in DNA
from outside the cell. | c. | foreign DNA is inserted into a
plasmid. | d. | a cell is mutated. |
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22.
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A recombinant plasmid gets inside a bacterial cell by
a. | inducing mutations. | c. | transformation. | b. | injecting itself into the
cell. | d. | recombining with the
cell. |
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23.
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Which of the following is often used as a genetic marker?
a. | a foreign gene | b. | a gene for antibiotic
resistance | c. | a DNA sequence that serves as a bacterial origin of replication | d. | a nucleotide labeled
with a fluorescent dye |
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24.
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Suppose a bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant plasmids containing a
gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of
the following statements is NOT true?
a. | Those bacteria that contain the plasmid will survive. | b. | The penicillin will
kill the bacteria that were transformed. | c. | The gene for antibiotic resistance is expressed
in the bacteria that survive. | d. | Those bacteria that are successfully
transformed will survive. |
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25.
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Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype?
a. | a change in a DNA base | c. | genes | b. | an extra chromosome | d. | alleles |
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26.
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What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be
female?
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27.
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A human female inherits
a. | two copies of every gene located on the X chromosome. | b. | twice as many sex
chromosomes as a human male inherits. | c. | one copy of every gene located on the Y
chromosome. | d. | all of the same genes that a human male inherits. |
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28.
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A pedigree can be used to
a. | determine whether a trait is inherited. | b. | show how a trait is
passed from one generation to the next. | c. | determine whether an allele is dominant or
recessive. | d. | all of the above |
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29.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. | A person with Huntington disease might not pass the allele for the disease to his or
her offspring. | b. | A person with Huntington disease might be homozygous for the
disease. | c. | Huntington disease is caused by a recessive allele. | d. | A person who
inherits one allele for Huntington disease will develop the disease. |
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30.
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Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell
disease
a. | is longer. | b. | is shorter. | c. | has a different
sequence of amino acids. | d. | is wider. |
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31.
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Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development,
no baby has been born
a. | with one X chromosome. | c. | without an X chromosome. | b. | with three X
chromosomes. | d. | with four X
chromosomes. |
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32.
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What conclusion CANNOT be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical
patterns of bands?
a. | The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints almost certainly came from the same
person. | b. | The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints definitely came from two different
people. | c. | The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints was separated by size. | d. | The DNA repeats that
formed the bands in each DNA fingerprint are the same length. |
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33.
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The human genome was sequenced
a. | by sequencing each gene on each chromosome, one at a time. | b. | using DNA
fingerprinting. | c. | by using computers to find overlapping regions between sequenced DNA
fragments. | d. | using CFTR. |
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34.
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A group of similar cells that perform a single function is called a(an)
a. | nerve. | c. | tissue. | b. | organ. | d. | organ system. |
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35.
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The process by which organ systems maintain relatively constant internal
conditions is called
a. | circulation. | c. | homeostasis. | b. | organization. | d. | teamwork. |
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36.
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Which process enables the body to maintain a stable temperature?
a. | heating | c. | feedback inhibition | b. | circulation | d. | cellular
activity |
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37.
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The level of chemicals in the body that speed up cellular activity is regulated
by
a. | action potential. | c. | the sympathetic nervous system. | b. | feedback
inhibition. | d. | the
parasympathetic nervous system. |
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38.
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Cells that transmit electrical signals through the nervous system to various
organs in the body are called
a. | nerves. | c. | organelles. | b. | neurons. | d. | tissues. |
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39.
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What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the
environment?
a. | a threshold | c. | an impulse | b. | an action potential | d. | a dendrite |
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40.
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When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of
a. | neurotransmitters. | c. | dendrites. | b. | sodium ions. | d. | receptors. |
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41.
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Sense organs are part of the
a. | peripheral nervous system. | c. | autonomic nervous
system. | b. | central nervous system. | d. | parasympathetic nervous system. |
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42.
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Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located
everywhere in the body except the brain?
a. | thermoreceptors | c. | photoreceptors | b. | mechanoreceptors | d. | pain receptors |
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43.
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If you did not like the flavor of a certain oral liquid medicine, you could hide
much of its taste by
a. | closing your eyes. | c. | holding your nose. | b. | covering your ears. | d. | folding your hands
together. |
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44.
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Uncontrollable pain and sickness occur because the body cannot produce enough
endorphins when a drug user attempts to stop using
a. | opiates. | c. | crack. | b. | cocaine. | d. | marijuana. |
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45.
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Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPT
a. | slow reflexes. | c. | impair judgment. | b. | stimulate heart rate. | d. | disrupt
coordination. |
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46.
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How many bones are found in an adult human skeleton?
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47.
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The main function of the skull is to
a. | produce blood cells. | c. | protect the brain. | b. | protect the heart and
lungs. | d. | act like a lever for
muscle attachment. |
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48.
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The periosteum is a
a. | place for storing fat cells. | b. | location for red blood cell
production. | c. | tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone. | d. | latticework
structure that adds strength to the bone. |
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49.
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If a bone is broken, which of the following produces new bone tissue to heal the
break?
a. | marrow | c. | osteoblasts | b. | Haversian canals | d. | leukocytes |
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Figure
36–1
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50.
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Saddle joints are represented in which diagram in Figure 36–1?
a. | Diagram A | c. | Diagram C | b. | Diagram B | d. | Diagram D |
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51.
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Ligaments connect
a. | cartilage to bone. | c. | bone to muscle. | b. | muscle to muscle. | d. | bone to bone. |
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52.
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Which of the following is NOT true about muscle tone?
a. | It is responsible for keeping the back and legs straight when you’re
relaxed. | b. | It is increased through regular exercise. | c. | It describes the
tightening of some muscles. | d. | It increases with
age. |
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53.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of skin?
a. | helps regulate body temperature | c. | contracts and relaxes
muscles | b. | removes body wastes | d. | helps prevent infection |
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54.
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Which is the correct direction of blood flow?
a. | right atrium ® right ventricle ® pulmonary artery | b. | right atrium ®
left atrium ® pulmonary artery | c. | left ventricle ® pulmonary artery ®
aorta | d. | left ventricle ® left atrium ® aorta |
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55.
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In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by
the
a. | mitral valve. | c. | septum. | b. | tricuspid valve. | d. | pericardium. |
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56.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
a. | artery | c. | lymphatic cell | b. | vein | d. | capillary |
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57.
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The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to
a. | stimulate the heartbeat. | c. | prevent the backward flow of
blood. | b. | accelerate the flow of blood. | d. | serve as a cushion to prevent
friction. |
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58.
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of exercise on veins?
a. | Exercise helps force blood through the veins. | b. | Exercise helps keep
blood from accumulating and stretching veins. | c. | Exercise helps keep the walls around veins
strong. | d. | Exercise helps increase the size of veins. |
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59.
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Which of the following is true about blood pressure?
a. | It is not affected by atherosclerosis. | b. | It is lower in veins than in
arteries. | c. | It drops a great deal when traveling through arteries. | d. | Diastolic pressure
is higher than systolic pressure. |
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60.
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A blood pressure reading of 120/80
a. | indicates a diastolic blood prssure of 120. | b. | is an indication of
hypertension in a resting adult. | c. | indicates a systolic blood pressure of
120. | d. | is determined by using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure in the
veins. |
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61.
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Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?
a. | red | c. | platelets | b. | white | d. | plasma |
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62.
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Which of the following is correct about the composition of plasma?
a. | It is 90 percent water. | c. | It is 10 percent
water. | b. | It is 50 percent water. | d. | It contains no water. |
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Figure
37–1
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63.
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In Figure 37–1, what does Step B show?
a. | a clot forming | c. | the clumping of platelets | b. | the capillary wall
breaking | d. | the conversion of
fibrinogen into fibrin |
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64.
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Which of the following blood cells contain hemoglobin?
a. | red blood cells | c. | platelets | b. | white blood cells | d. | all of the
above |
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65.
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What is the term used to describe a swelling of the tissues due to the
accumulation of excess fluid?
a. | hemophilia | c. | edema | b. | stroke | d. | hypertension |
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66.
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If a person gets food stuck in his or her windpipe, it probably means
that
a. | the food entered the mouth incorrectly. | b. | oxygen failed to
exchange with carbon dioxide. | c. | the person temporarily lost the ability to
produce ATP. | d. | a flap of tissue, the epiglottis, failed to cover the entrance to the trachea when
the person swallowed. |
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67.
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Which of the following is NOT contained in tobacco smoke?
a. | carbon monoxide | c. | nicotine | b. | caffeine | d. | tar |
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68.
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Which of the following is NOT a step in identifying the pathogen that causes a
specific disease?
a. | The pathogen should be found in the body of a healthy organism. | b. | The pathogen should
be isolated and grown in a pure culture. | c. | The purified pathogens should cause the same
disease in a new host. | d. | The pathogen should be isolated from the second
host. |
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69.
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Which of the following is an example of a vector and the disease it
spreads?
a. | tall grass and Lyme disease | c. | the Nile river and West Nile
disease | b. | the deer tick and Lyme disease | d. | insecticides and
malaria |
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70.
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The body’s most important nonspecific defense is
a. | the skin. | c. | the inflammatory response. | b. | cell-mediated
immunity. | d. | permanent
immunity. |
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71.
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Unlike passive immunity, in active immunity antibodies are produced by
a. | the mother of an infant. | c. | other animals. | b. | your own
body. | d. | an autoimmune
disease. |
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72.
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If a person has memory B cells against a certain pathogen, the person is
a. | likely to develop that disease. | b. | much less likely to develop the disease a
second time. | c. | able to spread the disease to others through physical contact. | d. | probably still sick
with the disease. |
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73.
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The symptoms of allergies include
a. | runny nose and a fever. | b. | sneezing, runny nose, and watery
eyes. | c. | unusual infections of the lungs, mouth, throat, and skin. | d. | formation of a
tumor. |
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74.
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Doctors first suspected that AIDS was weakening the immune system of infected
patients when their patients developed
a. | asthma. | c. | rare infections. | b. | allergies. | d. | strep throat. |
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75.
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HIV spreads through the body by
a. | replicating inside the cells of the immune system. | b. | preventing the body
from producing antibodies against HIV. | c. | causing the body to have asthma
attacks. | d. | strengthening the immune system. |
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