Integrating Quotations

Why quote? Because someone else has said something better than you could say it; the words are notable or memorable.

Poe was born in Boston in 1809, the son of impoverished traveling actors.

Not all of the preceding sentence is worth quoting. The words “impoverished traveling actors” jump out at you as worth quoting; the rest is better left alone.

Years are plenty in the ages, and an intermittent rill called to life by a shower can do much work in centuries and centuries.

In the preceding sentence, the words “intermittent rill called to life by a shower” jump out at you as worth quoting; the rest is better left alone.

Which brings us to this principle: it is often better to quote phrases than entire sentences.

Clunky (what not to do): Nature doesn’t always mean the same thing. “The world of nature takes on a different meaning for just about every person” (Dillard 300). For example, nature will appear different …

Graceful (what to do): Depending on our beliefs and our geographical location, it is possible for each of us to see in nature a “different meaning” (Dillard 300).

Good formula: 50% your words, 50% quoted words.

Terrible (what not to do): Annie Dillard grew up in Pittsburgh. “When I was six or seven years old, growing up in Pittsburgh …” (Dillard 301).

In other words, don’t use quotations to repeat what you’ve already said. Instead, use them to support your own ideas.

Terrible (what not to do): “But the artificial obvious is hard to see” (Dillard 303). What this quotation means is that …”

The previous is backwards from what you should be doing. Don’t lead with quotations and then explain them. Instead, lead with your own ideas and use quotations to support your own ideas. (Note they are called “quotations,” not “quotes.”)

A general rule that can apply in almost all cases: Pretend the quotation marks and page numbers are removed. A reader should not be able to tell you were quoting another’s words. That’s how natural your quoted material should sound.

MLA style: MLA stands for Modern Language Association. It is used in all English classes and sometimes in other classes. An MLA style book (or any other style book) instructs you in two things:

1. How to integrate quotations into your text. For example, the placing of the author’s last name and the page number the quoted words are found on in parentheses is part of MLA style.

2. What your Works Cited page should look like.